Before I begin, you can find the source for Blit over here.

I want to talk a little bit about a project I worked on every day from July 2014 till the end of August 2015. You may have seen a few entries about it back on earlier posts; that project was something I called “Blit.” If you’re wondering what Blit was, it was my attempt at trying to make an Animation focused art program. It was pretty ambitious for someone like me at the time.

 

 

There were two main reasons why I started to work on it:

1. Back when I was an undergraduate, I was part of a student group were we had to do these things called “major projects,” each year if we wanted to retain membership. They usually are of a technical nature (programming & engineering). This is where my initial drive came from
2. I’ve never worked on a “large,” or “longterm,” project before. Everything else I’ve done up till that point were small things like class assignments, course projects, or tasks for my internships. I had friends who had worked on their own projects for two or three years straight and made some really cool stuff. I really wanted to be able to tell others (mainly prospective employers) “Yeah, I’ve been working on this thing for over year. Want to take a look?” Other than just “having something,” I also wanted to learn how to manage a larger and lengthier project.

The “major project,” was something that was pretty easy to fulfill. But for the second I did something kind of stupid, but worked well for me. I told myself “Alright, I’m going to work on a project that will have a 365 day long GitHub streak.” In reality, git streaks are a silly thing to track progress. I was working on Blit in a private repo, so the outside world would not see my streak at all. I feel bad for the people who have the need to maintain one. For me it was a reminder to build on Blit each day. It worked.

Whether it be programming, logging issues, source code cleanup, design & planing, writing documentation, etc., I had to minimum goal of one meaningful commit per day. Normally I would spend an hour on Blit per day (more on the weekends). I would keep at it until the kitchen timer to my side beeped. Somehow that little thing was able to keep me focused for a straight hour.

 

So What Is (or Was) Blit?

I’ve always been someone who’s liked art and programming. Especially combining the two. One of my favorite genres is pixel art, or sprites as they are also known. I’ve dabbled in making a few other art programs before, but nothing like this.

Originally Blit supposed to be only a sprite animation tool that had a modern look and feel, but my ideas for it grew greater (*sigh* feature creep). There are many other sprinting tools out there like GrafX2, Aseprite, (and other 2D animation programs like TVPaint). I’m not saying that it’s wrong that they make their own GUI toolkit, but it feels kind of odd. I really wanted to bring these types of programs out of the days of the Amiga. After doing some initial research, I settled on using Qt. Here are my reasons:

1. It’s cross platform. I work on a Linux system, but I want my Windows and OS X friends to be able to use what I make
2. It’s a C++ library; my native tongue. But there exists bindings to other languages, such as Python
3. There’s a lot more to Qt than just widgets. It really is a fully featured desktop application framework
4. It has a massive community around it and it’s very well documented. So if I ever ran into trouble I’d be able to find some help

Before I move any further, you might be wondering where the name “Blit.” came from. Since it had a focus on 2D graphics, the name came from the “Bit blit,” algorithm. I used to do a lot of programming with libSDL, so the function SDL_BlitSurface() has been burned into my brain.  I thought it would be a cute name too.

I also wanted to keep more of a “traditional animation,” approach to Blit. Instead of drawing on images there were “Cels.” Layers were called “Planes.” Instead of a Dope Sheets I had “Exposure Sheets.” I didn’t call it “onion skinning,” but “turning on the Light Table.”

 

Starting Out

As mentioned before, I was focused on sprite animation (originally). I wanted to keep things as easy as possible. While I did consider using Qt’s native C++ libraries, I decided on making the program in Python with PyQt. Scripting languages are typically much faster to write code for. I felt as if I would be able to get more done in less time. I didn’t think that there would be too many computationally intensive procedures to worry about. In the event that I needed some performance boost, I could always write a C/C++ extension for Python.

After choosing my tools, the first thing I did was draft some design documents. These included a user interface mockup and an initial file format structure. I started to log tickets on the GitHub issue tracker. I had an miniature road map to start from. Within a month and a half, I was able to load up one of my files into Blit, do a little simple Cel & Frame editing, and then save it. You couldn’t do too much with it, but I thought it was a good starting point.

 

 

During my initial research of Qt, I discovered something called the “Graphics View Framework.” There were a lot of widgets that I had to custom make such as the Timeline or the Canvas; it made my life much easier. It really is one of the nice features of Qt. If you’re making a heavily graphical application you should take a look into it.

Despite being able to get a basic animation loaded, edited and played back, I was starting to run into some issues with the development language: Python. I had issues with things like circular imports and nested imports (python files imported from many directories deep). I don’t want to go into the details of how they were affecting me and the project, but all I can say is that they were driving me up the wall. So I devised a solution: Switch to C++.

Now, switching development languages is not always something that’s advised. But at the point where I was, it was feasible to do and would possibly have a better impact on my project. Nested imports are a non-issue in C++ and the circular imports are fixed with simple include guards. On top of that, I wouldn’t have to use PyQt’s bindings anymore and Python would not be a performance bottleneck since it would be gone. Working at my usual hour a day pace, it took somewhere between two and three weeks to port everything I had to C++. I wasn’t happy about losing that time to work on new features, but I think it was a better choice in the end.

I didn’t entirely ditch Python & PyQt. If I needed to prototype a widget, I would use those tools. It helped to realize ideas pretty quickly, then later I would integrate it into the C++ source.

 

Feature Creep, “Future Planning,” and Broadening Horizons

In the first couple of months that I was working on Blit, more ideas started to pour into my head of what it could or should be able to do. We all know what this is; Feature Creep. Whenever I though of a cool new thing I wanted to add, I usually weighed the cost of adding it in within my current milestone, the next, or burring it in the issue tracker. This is where I developed the “Future Planning,” tag. If something popped into my head, almost 95% of the time I would not mark it under any milestone and put it under that tag. It was a good way for me to tell myself “Alright, I think this would be a good thing, but I need to focus on other stuff right now.” This worked actually pretty well for me. At all times, the most populous tag in my issue tracker was the “Future Planning,” one.

 

 

Around 100 days into the project, I felt like I had a good direction that I was going in. I was nearing the end of my (second) internship and I would be left with nearly two months before classes would begin again. With all of this free time, I set myself the goal of “Be able to draw a bouncing ball animation and export it as a Spritesheet,” before Christmas hit. I achieved that.

 

 

 

By this time you could move Cels around on the Frames, move the Frames on the Timeline, and adjust their hold values. I think I focused more on the staging of objects rather than editing them. To work on this shortcoming, I decided to start work on a Tool interface. I had the idea that editing tools should be plugins and people should be able to write their own; a very common idea in art applications. Instead of only “put pixel,” and “erase pixel,” I added line/shape drawing, filling, and was working on a soft brush tool.

 

 

When I got back to school I fulfilled that first goal of passing it as a “major project,” in my student group. It was well received for what it was at the time, a very simple pixel art animation tool. Though, I started to think more beyond simple spriting. Not only do I consider myself a fan of Animation, but someone who really enjoys making it. I started to ponder “What if Blit could be used for all sorts of 2D animation, not just pixel art?”

 

 

I didn’t think it would be too hard to add a camera hookup to the program (something that I’ve done with Qt before), so Blit could be turned into an application to do pencil tests, capture paper drawn animation, or even stop motion. My rule became “If it’s Bitmap based, Blit should be able to do something with it.” I also thought that there wasn’t a good free (both as in beer and speech) software solution to 2D computer animation. TVPaint, Dragonframe, and FlipBook were used a lot in the animation department. I can understand the expensive cost of them for professionals and that it’s niche software, but it really sucks for students who want to learn how to animate, but already were paying a small fortune for their college tuition.

To make Blit more generic, it had to undergo something I called dubbed “The Grand Refactoring.” The whole animation module was like this: an Animation owns an XSheet, which owns a list of Frames, where each Frame owns a list of Cels. No reuse. This was good to get started with, but pretty bad since in the real world animation is reused all of the damn time. So I devised up this system instead:

 

 

As it would force me to fix up almost every single thing in the program that touched the Animation module (including the file format), I set this to be its own “half milestone.” It took about a month and a half to complete. It really sucked not being to add any new features for that time; only endless refactoring. At the end of that, all the logic was in the code to be able stage the same Cel across multiple Frames, or instance a Frame multiple times in the Timeline. Though, because I was focused on fixing things up, I didn’t add in an interface where the user could actually reuse Cels and Frames. If they wanted to, they would have to edit the sequence.xml file. So it was there, it worked, but wasn’t usable by the layman.

While taking classes and juggling other (smaller) projects it sometimes became difficult to make meaningful contributions to Blit. I tried to stick to my “one hour a day rule,” but that became hard. Also, refactoring isn’t fun. You don’t get to see new features, you’re restructuring stuff that already exist. You might also break things and then have to spend time fixing them. It’s hard to stay motivated when nothing is new or exciting.

My brain was fried after writing code for my class assignments. I found that (better) documenting the source code, reviewing issue tracker tickets, and revisiting design documents wasn’t too hard. If I recall correctly there was a two week stint were that was all that I did.

 

 

Despite all these speed bumps, I got to do something really cool with Blit at the end of the year. If you’ve read some of my older blog posts, you may have seen this thing I made called MEGA_MATRIX. For those of you who don’t know what it was, it is a 24x24 LED Dot Matrix display. I actually developed it in tandem with Blit during the early days of the application. Anyways, at the end of the year my college hosts what is essentially a campus wide show and tell day. I thought it would be neat If I could let people doodle animations in Blit, then upload them onto MEGA_MATRIX. Turns out it was. I made a special fork of Blit called “The MEGA_MATRIX Edition,” where I only let users draw in two colors (red and black), preview their animations, and then upload them to an Arduino to drive the display. One of my friends said it was his favorite thing at the festival because “[I] practically made a hardware implementation of Mario Paint.”

 

 

 

Altered Scope, One Full Year, and the End of Development

At the beginning of 2015’s summer, I was off to my next internship. During the day I would write C# code for a rendering infrastructure. After work I would exercise, watch some TV, play a few video games, but also work on Blit, for well, at least an hour a day.

 

 

After “The Grand Refactoring,” and the MEGA_MATRIX Edition I was able to get a few more features out of the way. Changing the Canvas’ backdrop color, pixel grid, selective playback, a color picker tool and more. One of my favorite additions was onion skinning (I called it the Light Table). Thanks to the newly redesigned Animation module, it actually made it pretty easy to implement.

Then sometime in mid July I hit my second goal; hold onto a GitHub streak for one year straight.

 

 

The code for Blit was starting to get really huge at this point. I still was able to manage it myself, but it started to become a bit of a chore too. I also spent a lot more time refactoring and fixing existing code rather than working on new features. I feel like I lost a little of my drive then. As my two initial goals were achieved I could have stopped here. But for some reason, I didn’t want to. I kept on pushing.

My internship came to an end, I had a week at home, and then I was off to another internship. All of the previous places were I interned let me work on outside projects if I wanted to. As long as it wasn’t during work time, with work equipment, or a competing product I was free to do what I want. This time around, my employer asked me to stop working on outside projects all together.

 

 

While I felt that work on Blit was starting to go stale I still didn’t feel to happy about having to quit development. I could have worked on it in secret, but that didn’t feel right to me. So, right before leaving for the first day of work I made an early morning final commit to the Blit repo. It was kind of poetic that my ending streak was exactly 400 days long.

 

 

In the month that followed, I was bummed that I wasn’t able to add an interface for the reusable Cels/Frames, the Brush and Resize tools were still unfinished, no work on multiple planes was ever done (Cel layering existed though), but worst of all, I feel that it sucked when trying to make sprites; the original goal of Blit. I still had ideas popping into my head. Such as using FFmpeg to export animations as animated GIFs. All I could do is just scribble them down on some note paper and file it away for when I was done with my current internship.

So four months down the road I was done with my final practicum. Did I start back working on Blit? No. The previous month was pretty turbulent for me, as well as the next couple. It was my last semester at college and I was more focused on graduating. I still had ideas coming into my head for Blit, but they would go into the issue tracker instead of the code. I felt that I was way too out of it to startup work back on Blit. I also realized how much of a behemoth the source had become. Thus I decided to put it on hiatus indefinitely.

 

Final Lookback and the Future

Almost everything I’ve done is a learning project for me. Some of I learnt very little from, others a lot. Working on Blit taught me so much more about Qt than I ever wanted to know. Hell, in the process of developing Blit I spotted a minor bug in Qt and was able to submit a(n) (accepted) patch to the project. That was one of the more rewarding moments, as I’ve never contributed to a major open source project before.

But the main thing I gained from Blit was learning how to manage/handle/organize a larger project. I was never involved with issue tracking, documentation, and design so much before. As stupid of an idea it was to maintain a year long GitHub streak, it somehow worked for me. It was fun to show off the streak to my friends, it was really there for me to motive myself.

While building Blit, one the things I always wanted to do was work on it with other people. Though, I kept it in a private repo I always had the intention of releasing the source code when I was done with some of the core features. While many of my friends thought it was interesting, I couldn’t find anyone else who wanted to work on it. I always made sure to keep good documentation of the design and source code for this reason. I really wish I had others to help me with this, not only so that I could have had Blit in a much further state, but also so I could learn how to collaborate with others better too.

It’s now been a year since I last touched Blit. At the beginning of this past Summer there was a monkey on my back to figure out “the future of Blit.” I know I wanted to release the source for it, but I’m not sure where I want to go with it. In the past year Dwango released OpenToonz and Krita has added some animation tools. Both of these have much better drawing capabilities. It’s hard to compete.

I have a small desire to restart work on Blit. For example, adding a camera connection to shoot paper drawn animation or working on some FFmpeg exporting. But I have other priorities right now. If I had to do it again, I would want to write Blit in C# instead of C++. I’ve grown to love C# a lot in the past year and development in it is much easier than C++, and performance is still pretty good. I really hope that QtSharp can get off of the ground sometime soon.

If you want to check out the source for Blit, you can find it over here: gitlab.com/define-private-public/blit. If you want to see some of my fabulous source documention, it’s at: https://blit.gitlab.io/SourceDocs/. And if in the slightest chance that you’re interested in working on Blit, please contact me.

To end with, here are some stats:

• 97 source code files
• 8,175 lines of code (95% C++)
• 400 days of contributions
• 364 issues tracked
• 3,151 commits
• 91,528 additions, 65,617 deletions
• An unknown amount of users
• and 1 developer (me)

 

 

After tinkering with Arduinos for more two and a half years, I still find it a lot of fun just to turn LEDs on and off. What's more fun than that? Turning on and off a bunch of LEDs. When I first got my starter kit I ordered an 8x8 LED matrix along with it. I have whatsoever no formal training in electronics, so it took me a while to figure out how to use that thing. Using the magic of Charlieplexing I was able to get a small, very tiny image lit. Not satisfied with having an extra 64 LEDs at my disposal, I wanted to go bigger; I needed a 3x3 of 8x8's, a 24x24, I wanted 576 LEDs to blink on and off at my whim. There were a few challenges along the way.

The Arduino UNO R3 doesn't have enough I/O pins for this by itself (I'd need a good 48). The simple solution to this was use use some 74HC595 shift registers. By daisy-chaining two sets of three (one to act as the row controller and the other for the column), I could get away with only using six pins. Though it's possible that I could have used less. The final product uses ten pins on the Arduino (to have better control of the MR and OE pins on the shift register).

I originally planned to lay this all out on a protoboard, but as you can see from the below picture, it started to get really frustrating and confusing. I always wanted to learn how to make PCBs, so I though this would be a good opportunity to do so. I got myself a copy of KiCad, read a few tutorials, then went to work. I was actually surprised how easy it was to use this software. I did have some frustrations. Like that it's kind of half broken on Linux/GNU. It's only really usable under Windows or Wine (though there are still some quirks).

After receiving the print of the schematic, I found out that the footprints for the 788BS matrix were off, and the through holes where not wide enough. This wasn't a fun discovery. The next day, I spent a good two hours re-routing everything. I also added a CSH logo to the edge cuts. While I was waiting for the fixed boards to arrive I started to write the software to control the monstrous matrix. To my surprise, the circuit actually worked (this is on the bad board), and all I had to do was put globs of solder onto the pads and bend the pins on the 8x8 matrix. I also found out that it was a bit better to use a 200 Ohm resistor instead of 1K.

 

When using Arduino functions “digitalWrite(),” and “digitalRead(),” they may work okay for an 8x8 matrix, but I found out that on a 24x24, it doesn't work that well. I was getting around 75-ish frames per second. While I could have gotten away with showing a still image, it wasn't the easiest thing on the eyes. After doing some reading it seemed like writing some AVR C might be the remedy. One of the great things about the Arduino platform is that you can mix in AVR C code. After using C code to drive the matrix, I was getting around 625 frames per second. All of these measurements were made using timers and mathematics.

Now since I could display one image, the next logical step was to display a moving image. It only took another few hours of work to make this a possibility. The Arduino is always listening for data on its serial line. Once it has read in a full 72 bytes, it will display up a new picture. I also drafted a small pseudo scripting language where you can specify files to act as frames, assign them a delay, put them in a certain sequence, then have it loop.

If you want to check out the code for the project, you can find the repo right here: https://github.com/define-private-public/MEGA_MATRIX

And if you want a board, just send me a message. I've got a few to spare.

While I'm at home for a month, I figured I was going to be pretty bored unless I find something to do.   So I decided to start a new project that I hope to get done before I get back from break.  So I would like to announce:

I am going to take a coffee machine, modify it, and then link it up with the Internet so I can order coffee remotely.  Whether or not I actually end up using this in the future is a question left to time, but for now I think it will be pretty something fun to do.  Below is my work area.

Currently there are three main components of this project that I'm looking at:

1. Augmenting the coffee machineAdding a servo motor to control the flow of coffee
   • Adding water level sensors
   • Hacking in extra controls to the existing electronics
   • Some method to detect there is a cup underneath the coffee nozzle
2. Developing “barista software,” to manage all of the above, as well as process orders
3. Drafting the “Buzz Protocol,” an XML interface for ordering coffee

For modifying the machine, the most difficult parts will be figuring out how to control the built in circuitry and figuring out if there is an empty cup below the dispenser.  I'm thinking that I might be able to do that with via acoustic distance sensing.  I bought one of those ultrasonic ping sensors/transmitters over the summer, but never did anything with it.  I've also never worked with servos before, so that might be another spot of difficulty.

The barista software shouldn't bee too much of a challenge.  I plan on making a Django application that will be the web interface for the system.  I was originally going to write this software targeting an Arduino with an Ethernet shield, but using a BeagleBoard is much cheaper and gives me some extra power/functionality that an Atmel chip wouldn't.

The last thing might be a bit more of a postmortem component, and I'm not entirely sure if the barista software will implement the protocol.  In case though I ever want to network another machine, having a common interface for controlling machines would be useful, and I could move the barista software over to the client.  The original idea of this project was to draft the protocol, create a client program to send XML payloads, and have the barista software interpret those messages.  Though thinking it over a bit I'm not sure if that is best for the small project that this is.  I still want to have the protocol ready on the side if I ever get any other machines up and running.

 

 

Cheers!I hope this project goes well, and I'll be sure to document it as I go along.  I am going to post everything related in the github repo.

So I haven't posted anything in a while, but I'm finally done with my internship this Summer and I now am back at school!  It's only been a week so far, so nothing interesting has happened.  In the time that I didn't post though, I was able to get the first public version of my Arduino Serial "library," pushed onto github.  So if you want to take a look at it, it's right here.

As for a next one, I'm working on a Chip 8 Emulator.  I've been able to get some stuff for it done, but I haven't implemented all of the inputs/outputs for it yet.  The "CPU," is done, but not fully tested.  So far it can run a few demos.

So I haven't updated this at all in about a month. The main reason is that I've been busy both with my internship and my personal project.  For the later, there has been a lot of reading involved (most of which I don't even use).  But it's all beneficial.

I just got done with the basic testing phase for my personal project, and now I'm refacorting most of that code for release of it.  I hope to have it ready this weekend.   Most of my work for it probably will be documenting it and writing examples.

What is it about you ask?  Serial communications.  It's actually an older project (built at a 10 hour hackathon,) that I wanted to improve and extend it.  You'll see it soon on Github.